|本期目录/Table of Contents|

[1]万美希,蒋墨冰,吕品,等.生成式人工智能对大学生学业表现的影响— 基于广义随机森林模型的异质性处理效应[J].浙江理工大学学报,2025,53-54(社科六):766-778.
　WAN Meixi,JIANG Mobing,LÜ Pin,et al.The Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on College Students’ Academic Performance: Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Based on Generalized Random Forest Model[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2025,53-54(社科六):766-778.
点击复制

生成式人工智能对大学生学业表现的影响— 基于广义随机森林模型的异质性处理效应()
分享到：

浙江理工大学学报[ISSN:1673-3851/CN:33-1338/TS]

卷:
第53-54卷
期数:
2025年社科第六期
页码:
766-778
栏目:
出版日期:
2025-12-15

文章信息/Info

Title:
The Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on College Students’ Academic Performance: Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Based on Generalized Random Forest Model
文章编号:
1673-3851 (2025) 12-0766-13
作者:
万美希; 蒋墨冰;  吕品;  肖芊源
浙江理工大学经济管理学院 ,杭州 310018
Author(s):
WAN Meixi;  JIANG Mobing;  LÜ Pin;  XIAO Qianyuan
School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
关键词:
生成式人工智能 ; 大学生; 学业表现; 广义随机森林模型; 异质性处理效应
分类号:
G640
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
生成式人工智能(生成式AI)在教育领域的应用日趋广泛 ,但其在高等教育场景中的有效性仍存在较大争议 。为厘清这一争议 ,采用四阶段混合型抽样方法对杭州市多所高校进行问卷调查 , 并借助广义随机森林模型 , 系统分析生成式AI使用对大学生学业表现的平均与个体异质性处理效应 。研究发现 ,生成式 AI在大学生中普及率较高 ,且显著提升了大学生的学业成绩和学习效率 。进一步分析表明 , 生成式 AI的使用时长对大学生学业表现具有显著正向影响 ,而使用频率的作用则不显著 。个体处理效应分析显示 , 生成式 AI对大学生学业表现的影响存在显著异质性:学习适应能力越强的学生 ,生成式 AI对其学习成绩的提升概率越大 ;初始成绩越差的学生 , 生成式 AI对其学业成绩的提升幅度越大 ;初始成绩越好的学生 , 生成式 AI对其学习效率的提升概率越大 ;抗干扰能力越强的学生 ,生成式 AI对学习效率的提升幅度越大 。该研究结论不仅为科学认识生成式 AI在高等教育中的价值提供了实证依据 ,更为提升高校大学生学习效果、推进“人工智能 +高等教育”战略落地提供了实践参考。

参考文献/References:

[1] Chen X, Zou D, Xie H, et al. Two decades of artificial intelligenceineducatio n[J]. EducationalTechnology& Society, 2022, 25(1) : 28-47.

[2] AbdaljaleelM, BarakatM, AlsanafiM, etal. A multinational study on the factors influencing university students’ attitudes and usageofChatGPT[J]. ScientificReports, 2024, 14: 1983.

[3] KasneciE, SeßlerK, KüchemannS, etal. ChatGPT forgood? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education [J]. Learning and IndividualDifferences, 2023(103) : 102274.

[4] Johnson A. ChatGPT in schools: Here’s where it’s banned— andhow itcouldpotentiallyhelpstudents[N]. Forbes, 2023-01- 31.

[5] Weber-WulffD, Anohina-NaumecaA, Bjelobaba S, etal. Testing ofdetectiontoolsforAI-generatedtext[J]. InternationalJournalfor EducationalIntegrity, 2023, 19(1) : 26.

[6] Brown T, Mann B, RyderN, etal. Languagemodels arefew- Shotlearners[J]. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 2020, 33: 1877-1901.

[7] RadfordA, Wu J, AmodeiD, et al. Better language models and theirimplications[EB/OL]. (2019-02-14) [2025-10-10]. https:∥ openai. com/index/better-language-models.

[8] 刘明 ,郭烁 ,吴忠明 ,等. 生成式人工智能重塑高等教育形态 : 内容、案例与路径[J]. 电化教育研究 ,2024,45(6) :57-65.

[9] 王思遥 ,黄亚婷. 促进或抑制 :生成式人工智能对大学生创造力的影响[J]. 中国高教研究 ,2024(11) :29-36.

[10] AnY, Yu J H, James S. Investigating the higher education institutions’ guidelines and policies regarding the use of generative AI in teaching , learning, research, and administration [ J ]. International Journal of Educational Technologyin HigherEducation, 2025, 22(1) : 10.

[11] 周洪宇 ,常顺利. 生成式人工智能嵌入高等教育的未来图景、潜在风险及其治理[J]. 现代教育管理 ,2023(11) :1-12.

[12] WangJ, FanW. TheeffectofChatGPT on students’learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: Insights from a meta-analysis[J]. Humanities and Social SciencesCommunications, 2025, 12: 621.

[13] Sun L, Zhou L. Does generative artificialintelligence improve theacademicachievementofcollegeStudents? A meta-analysis [J]. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2024, 62 (7) : 1676-1713.

[14] AyeniO O, Al Hamad N M, Chisom O N, et al. AI in education: A review of personalized learning and educational technology[J]. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 18(2) : 261-271.




[15] MalikAR, PratiwiY, AndajaniK, etal. Exploring artificial intelligence in academic essay: Higher education student’s perspective [J]. InternationalJournal of Educational Research Open, 2023, 5: 100296.

[16] Michel-VillarrealR, Vilalta-PerdomoE, Salinas-NavarroDE, etal. Challengesand opportunities ofgenerativeAIforhigher education as explained by ChatGPT[J]. Education Sciences, 2023, 13(9) : 856.

[17] HashmiN, BalA S. Generative AI in higher education and beyon d[J]. Business Horizons, 2024, 67(5) : 607-614.

[18] Reina Marín Y, Cruz Caro O, Maicelo Rubio Y C, et al. Artificialintelligenceasa teaching toolin university education [J]. Frontiersin Education, 2025, 10: 1578451.

[19] HolmesW , Porayska-PomstaK, Holstein K, etal. Ethicsof AIin education: Towards a community-wide framework[J]. InternationalJournal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2022, 32: 504-526.

[20] MarkauskaiteL, MarroneR, PoquetO, etal. Rethinking the entwinement between artificial intelligence and human learning: What capabilities do learners need for a world with AI? [J]. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2022, 3: 100056.

[21] Qu Y, Tan M, Wang J. Disciplinary differences in undergraduate students’ engagement with generative artificial intelligence [J]. SmartLearningEnvironments, 2024, 11: 51.

[22] AtheyS, TibshiraniJ, WagerS. Generalized random forests [J]. TheAnnalsofStatistics, 2019, 47(2) : 1148-1178.

[23] SwellerJ. Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning[J]. Cognit iveScience, 1988, 12(2) : 257-285.

[24] Zimmerman B J. Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview [J]. TheoryIntoPractice, 2002, 41(2) : 64-70.

相似文献/References:

[1]叶净. 从学校、家庭和社会看大学生人生观教育的“场效应”[J].浙江理工大学学报,2011,28(06):1003.
　YE Jing. The“Field Effect” of College Students Life Outlook Education from the View of School, Family and Society[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2011,28(社科六):1003.
[2]马重阳,毛建雄,包利荣. 大学生诚信教育及改进对策[J].浙江理工大学学报,2012,29(03):435.
　MA Chong yang,MAO Jian xiong,BAO Li rong. Education of Credit for College Students and Improvement Countermeasures[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2012,29(社科六):435.
[3]刘继华,孙宁,李丹宁. 非智力因素对大学生就业力的影响及其培养路径[J].浙江理工大学学报,2012,29(06):893.
　LIU Ji hua,SUN Ning,LI Dan ning. Analysis of the Impact of NonIntellectual Factors on the Employabilityof College Students and the Way of Training Them[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2012,29(社科六):893.
[4]吕旻. 大学生网络集群现象及处置策略研究[J].浙江理工大学学报,2012,29(06):905.
　L Min. Internet Collective Behavior and Disposal StrategiesAmong College Students[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2012,29(社科六):905.
[5]包新春.新形势下大学生社会实践工作的“五个加强”[J].浙江理工大学学报,2013,30(06):924.
　BAO Xin chun.“Five Strengthenings” of Social Practical Work of University Studentsunder New Situation[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2013,30(社科六):924.
[6]王惠燕.大学生生涯阻隔与生涯信念的现状调查与研究——以杭州市某高校为例[J].浙江理工大学学报,2014,31-32(社科2):141.
　WANG Hui yan.Investigation and Research on Status of College Student s Career Barrier and Belief——Take a University in Hangzhou for Example[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2014,31-32(社科六):141.
[7]韩俊,朱秋飞.大学生思想政治教育的可视化分析——基于1998-2011年CSSCI文献统计[J].浙江理工大学学报,2014,31-32(社科2):178.
　HAN Jun,ZHU Qiu fei.Visualization Analysis on Ideological and Political Educationfor College Students——Based on CSSCI Literature Statistics from 1998 to 2011[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2014,31-32(社科六):178.
[8]吴跃峰.大学生网络素养现状调查与提升策略——基于杭州下沙高教园区的调查分析[J].浙江理工大学学报,2014,31-32(社科3):220.
　WU Yue feng.Status Survey of College Students  Network Accomplishment and Promotion Strategy: Based on Survey andAnalysis of Xiasha Higher Education Park in Hangzhou[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2014,31-32(社科六):220.
[9]乔晓晓.当代大学生社会认同危机及其教育对策研究[J].浙江理工大学学报,2014,31-32(社科4):340.
　QIAO Xiao xiao.On Social Identity Crisis of Contemporary College Students and Educational Countermeasures[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2014,31-32(社科六):340.
[10]许国成,黄黎,魏莉莉,等.大学生手机依赖与课堂学习效率的关系研究[J].浙江理工大学学报,2014,31-32(社科6):535.
　XU Guo cheng,HUANG Li,WEI Li li,et al.The Relationship between College Students  Mobile PhoneDependence and Classroom Learning Efficiency[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2014,31-32(社科六):535.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
基金项目 :浙江省教育科学规划课题(2025SCG317) ; 国家社会科学基金项目(25CJL015)收稿日期 :2025-08-07
作者简介 :万美希(2004— ) ,女 ,广东中山人 ,本科生 ,主要从事生成式人工智能应用方面的研究。通信作者 :蒋墨冰 ,E-mail:mercyjmb@qq. com第 6期 万美希等 :生成式人工智能对大学生学业表现的影响—基于广义随机森林模型的异质性处理效应 767
更新日期/Last Update: 2025-12-15